COINAGE IN INDIA

During the period of transition from the British rule, India retained the currency and coinage of the pre 1947 period. It’s not until the 15^th August, 1950 that the country brought out its distinctive coins. The right and responsibility for coinage vests with the Government of India in terms of the Coinage Act, 1906 as amended from time to time. Thus the designing and minting of coins in various denominations is also the responsibility of the Government of India. Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Ltd. (SPMCIL), a Miniratna Category-I, Schedule-‘A’ Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE), established on 13th January, 2006 manages four India Government Mints at Mumbai, Alipore (Kolkata), Saifabad (Hyderabad), Cherlapally (Hyderabad) and NOIDA (UP). During the year 2011-12 a total of 6282 million pieces of coins (mpcs) were produced,. The Coin production per employee per year has increased to 1.69 mpcs in 2011-12 as against 1.57 mpcs in the previous year.[1]

Evolution of Coins

Coins in circulation of Rs 5, 2, 1 and the 50 paise are the result of a process of evolution from the Frozen Series of one rupee being counted in 192 pices; to the Anna Series where rupee was considered to have consisted of 16 annas; the decimal series with one rupee being divided into 100 paises; until cost benefit considerations led to the gradual discontinuance of 1, 2 and 3 paise coins in the seventies.[2] From June 30, 2011 onwards, the coins of the denomination of 25 paise and below ceased to be a legal tender.[3] Therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by Sub Section 15 A of the Coinage Act, 1906, the Central Government decided to call in from circulation the coins of the denomination of 25 paise and below. As a result, a total of 263597333 coins, which includes 15998555 coins from Andhra Pradesh have been received.[4]

Coinization of Rupees Ten

On 24 July, 2007, the Government issued a notification in respect of coinization of rupees ten and thereafter coins of rupees 10 were put into circulation with effect from March 2009. Depending upon the capacity of the Mints to supply the required quantity of coins, RBI plans to gradually replace the rupees ten notes with coins in the country.[5]

Distribution of Coins

Coins are received from the Mints and issued into circulation through the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Regional Issue offices/sub-offices and a wide network of currency chests and coin depots maintained by banks and Government treasuries spread across the country. The RBI Issue Offices/sub-offices are located at Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Belapur (Navi Mumbai), Bhopal, Bhubaneshwar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jammu, Jaipur, Kanpur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, New Delhi, Patna and Thiruvananthapuram. These offices issue coins to the public directly through their counters and also send coin remittances to the currency chests and small coin depots.[6]

The coins are issued for circulation only through RBI. The denomination-wise quantity of coins issued by the RBI to each regional branch during the year 2011-12 (April - October 2011) is given below:

Regional Branch	Denomination				(All pieces	in millions)
Office		1		2	5			1O	Total
Office	Allocation	Supply	Allocation	Supply	Allocation	Supply	Allocation	Supply	Allocation	Supply
Ahmedabad	125	46.25	250	160	60	42.25	30	30.4	465	278.9
Bangalore	150	98.25	350	157.71	60	19.25	25	17.6	585	292.81
Belapur	50	20.38	100	21	30	5.5	50	14.7	230	61.58
Bhopal	50	14.75	80	35.25	40	6.75	30	16	200	72.75
Bhubaneswar	50	20.62	100	16.68	20	9.25	20	7.76	190	54.31
Chandigarh	100	32.51	190	70	50	5	40	15	380	122.51
Chennai	100	70.95	200	92.05	50	32.75	50	32	400	227.75
Guwahati	40	15.5	30	24.25	10	7.75	20	1.7	100	49.2
Hyderabad	150	111.79	260	174.19	50	24.85	50	26.63	510	337.46
Jaipur	75	22.5	75	75	30	0	20	6	200	103.5
Jammu	20	15	20	22.5	15	2.5	20	8	75	48
Kanpur	75	30	70	72.5	30	7.5	50	20	225	130
Kolkata	140	172.47	300	254.01	90	65.45	50	19.69	580	511.62
Lucknow	50	22.5	70	30	10	6.5	20	6	150	65
Mumbai	150	128.25	300	188.46	120	83.33	100	41.8	670	441.84
Nagpur	70	18.88	75	73.75	30	16.87	25	16	200	125.5
New Delhi	125	98.08	300	241.95	60	5.7	40	23.34	525	369.07
Patna	40	9.79	60	25.9	25	10.92	30	5.28	155	51.89
Thiruvananthpuram	40	26	70	44.15	20	14	30	8	160	92.15
	1600	974.46	2900	1779.35	800	366.12	700	315.9	6000	3435.83

[7]http://164.100.47.132/Annexture/lsq15/9/au1894.htm  1894/ 2.12.2011

There are 4422 currency chest branches and 3784 small coin depots spread throughout the country. The currency chests and small coin depots distribute coins to the public, customers and other bank branches in their area of operation. Bulk users viz. retailers, trade bodies, associations, Chambers of Commerce etc. obtain coins after producing proof of their identity. [8]

Measures to improve the supply of coins

• The various Mints in the country have been modernized and upgraded to enhance their production capacities.
• Government has in the recent past, imported coins to augment the indigenous production.
• Notes in denomination of Rs.5 have been reintroduced to supplement the supply of coins.

New initiatives for distribution

• Coin Dispensing Machines have been installed at select Regional Offices of the Reserve Bank on pilot basis.
• Dedicated Single-window counters have been opened in several of the Reserve Bank's offices for issuing coins of different denominations packed in pouches.
• Mobile counters are being organised by the Reserve Bank in commercial and other important areas of the town where soiled notes can be exchanged for coins.

Appeal to the Public

The Bank, with active co-operation from various agencies, has been endeavoring to distribute the coins in an equitable manner to all parts of the country. Success of the mission calls for the unstinting support from the people at large and the various voluntary agencies. The Government from time to time requests members of public to avoid holding on to coins and instead, use them freely for transactions to ensure that there is a smooth circulation of coins.[9]

Non-acceptance of 50 paisa coins

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has received three complaints regarding non acceptance of 50 paisa coins. These are from general public alleging that 50 paisa coins are not being accepted. Complainants were advised that 50 paisa coins continue to be legal tender. The new series coins have been introduced with ` symbol and with new security features at the edge which shall facilitate easy recognition. Moreover, the edge security features shall help in avoiding crude counterfeiting of coins.[10] In terms of Section 6(1) (b) of Indian Coinage Act 2011, 50 paisa coins are legal tender up to rupees 10 in each transaction.[11] 

Distribution through Commercial Banks

The Monetary Policy Statement 2012-13 has inter alia stated that banks are expected to strengthen their distribution systems and procedures so as to cater to the growing needs of the common man. RBI has informed that shifting of these functions to the commercial banks will be effected in a calculated and calibrated manner; and only on finding evidence of suitable performance of cash related retail activities by the banks, would RBI consider exiting from retail function. Besides, while RBI will gradually withdraw from the retail function, it will continue to manage the distribution of banknotes and coins through the currency chests and bank branches. The manpower resources which will be freed as a result of exiting from the retail function will be redeployed more gainfully for effective supervision of the services rendered by commercial banks to the public.[12]

Melting of Coins and Supply Shortage

Chronologically, the main considerations influencing the coinage policy of Republic India over time have been:

·         The incorporation of symbols of sovereignty and indigenous motifs on independence;

·         Coinage Reforms with the introduction of the metric system;

·         The need felt from time to time to obviate the possibility of the metallic value of coins rising beyond the face value;

·         The cost-benefit of coinisation of currency notes

With the obvious reasons of rise in prices of goods, melting of coins by unscrupulous elements reportedly took place for making artificial jewellery etc. There have also been reports from local dailies of Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram and Jaipur regarding black marketing/melting of coins for manufacturing blades, artificial jewellery, bullets etc. RBI has sensitized their regional offices to take up such matters with civil/Police authorities in their region at various fora, including State Level Security Committee.[13] Also in response to complaints regarding trading/black marketing of coins taking place at Rajkot, Mumbai and New Delhi during the year 2012-13, RBI has taken up the complaints with police authorities at appropriate level. Since the trading of coins may be due to perceived shortage of coins, RBI has also taken the following steps to address the problem:

i)          More remittances of coins were sent to the Currency Chests (CCs) in the areas where shortage of coins was reported.

ii)          Shopkeepers and other business establishments, tollgate agencies, etc. have been attached to the nearest CCs for their requirements of coins.

iii)         The banks have been encouraged to install Coin Vending Machines (CVMs) for issue of coins by providing them capital subsidy.

iv)         The banks have been advised to organize coin melas for issue of coins to members of public.

v)         Issue Offices have been advised to keep minimum balances in their vaults and in CCs to ensure availability of coins to bank branches / members of public.

vi)         A higher indent for coins in all the denominations has been placed with the Government of India.[14]

Issue of Commemorative Coins

Apart from issuing regular coins the Government issues commemorative coins from time to time. Details of such coins issued during the recent time are:

Year 2007
1.         Golden Jubilee Celebration of Khadi & Village Industries Commission.
2.         150tfl Anniversary of Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
3.         Platinum Jubilee celebration of Indian Air Force.
Year 2008
1.         150m Anniversary of First War of Independence.
2.         Birth Centenary of Shahid Bhagat Singh.
3.         Ter-centenary of Gur-ta-Gaddi of Shri Guru Granth Sahibji.
Year 2009
1.         200lh Birth Anniversary of `Louis Braille`.
2.         Birth Centenary of Saint Alphonsa.
3.         Birth Centenary of Perarinqnar Anna.
4.         Birth Centenary of Dr. Homi Bhabha.
5.         60 Years of Commonwealth Day.
Year-2010
1.         125th Javanthi of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. [15]

Year-2011

1.             100 years of Civil Aviation in India.

2.             100 years of Indian Council of Medical Research.

3.             150th Anniversary of Comptroller and Auditor Generalof India.

4.            150th birth Anniversary of Madan Mohan Malvaiya.[16]

Year-2012

1.         60 Years of Parliament of India 13.05.2012

2.         150th Birth Anniversary of Pandit Moti Lal Nahru 25.09.2012

3.         150th Year of Kuka Movement 05.10.2012

4.         150th Birth Anniversary of Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya 25.12.2012

5.         Silver Jubilee of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board 31.01.2013[17]

References

1.     http:www.org.in/currency

2.     Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  1599 dated 16.08.2011

3.     Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  337 dated 23.11.2012

4.     Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  1894 dated 02.12.2011

5.     Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  2888 dated 29.08.2012

6.     Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  4318 dated 22.08.2013

7.     Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  1991 dated 02.12.2011

8.     Reply to Lok Sabha SQ No.   450 dated 26.04.2013

9.     Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  3986 dated 05.09.2012

10.  Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  6007 dated 03.05.2013

11.  Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  2512 dated 12.03.2010

12.  Annual Report Ministry of Finance Government of India 2011-12

13.  Annual Report Ministry of Finance Government of India 2012-13

---

[1] Annual Report Ministry of Finance Government of India 2012-13

[2] http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/c-rep.html

[3] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No. 1599 dated 16.08.2011

[4] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No. 2988 dated 30.03.2012

[5] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No. 337 dated 23.11.2012

[6] http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/c-rep.html

[7] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No. 1894 dated 02.12.2011

[8] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  2888 dated 29.08.2012

[9]  http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/coins.html

[10]  Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.   4318 dated 22.03.2013.

[11] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  1991 dated 02.12.2011

[12] Reply to Lok Sabha SQ No. 450 dated 26.04.2013

[13] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  3986 dated 05.09.2012

[14] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  6007 dated 03.05.2013

[15] Reply to Lok Sabha USQ No.  2512 dated 12.03.2010

[16] Annual Report Ministry of Finance Government of India 2011-12

[17] Annual Report Ministry of Finance Government of India 2012-13

Workshop on Disaster Preparedness & How to Streamline Helps and Supports in Distress Situation

Venue: JNU SSS-I Committee Room

Date: 15 August, 2013 (Thursday)

Time: 11.30

President of Delhi YPA Joint Headquarters, Mr. Thangzalun Khuptong led the gathering in singing the anthem, “Dial dial in diam diam leng lawm” - When we stick togather.

That was followed by Ms Niangkhannem, Secretary to YPA Jt Headquarters introducing the resource persons for the assembly, Mr. Sunil Sanwaria, representative of Delhi Police and Mr Daniel Halakan of Emmanuel Hospital Association (EHA). As a token of thanks bouquets were presented to them.

Then the President proceeded to the stand and delivered a keynote address.

Established in the year 1953, the Young Paite Association is a philanthropic organization of the Paite speaking community living in the southern part of Manipur state and adjoining areas of Mizoram and the then Burma. As an important organ of the Paite community, YPA promotes a humane attitude and undertakes rescue and restoration work in distress situations. Such social service is not restricted to the Paite community alone. During the crash ofIndian Airlines Flight 257 on August 16, 1991, YPA volunteers rendered rescue work at the crash site.

Fifty years after establishment, YPA keeps up its service to the community in Delhi with a bit more paper work and logistic support.

The growth profile in membership of YPA in Delhi may be summed up as- few in the 1970s, handful of families in the 80s, rush in the 90s and almost 2000 families today, no wonder the unit in Delhi has since been upgraded to a Joint Headquarters status since the year 2001.

The aspiration to conduct a workshop on disaster preparedness was born on the occasion of celebration of the golden jubilee in Mizoram House, Vasant Vihar. Through the interactive session, Delhi YPA hopes to take the existing format of philanthropic work a step ahead and better streamline crisis management.

When Sunil Sanwaria (SS) rose he was greeted with a round of applause. He narrated the legal provisions based on which the problem of minorities settling in Delhi can be addressed like section number 144 CrPC, the Parivartan Scheme, Crisis Intervention Scheme, etc.  An officer in Delhi Police at the level of Joint Secretary is specially assigned the responsibility of overseeing the safety of the People from the North-East living Delhi (PeNED), details of which are available in the link .

There are 2 lakh PeNEDs many of who are living in Munirka village. A Divisional Office in Munirka village is there to take care of the safety and security of 30% of the tenants in Munirka village, who are coming from the North-East.

As far as PeNED are concerned, the DP has taken special interest. It deputed special training to officers in March, 2013. The Zero-Tolerance Policy is specifically meant for the safety and security of PeNED.

In order to ensure that no girl is alone late at night, call centre cabs are mandated to drop the girls at their door steps. Violation of the order could attract 188 IPC. During late nights PCR Vans are directed to drop girls at their residences depending on the situation. 177 Emergency Response Vehicles (ERVs) are deployed at the police stations and police personnel are sensitized. In all, 7 nodal officers- one  in each district are assigned to monitor the work. Thana level committees meet once in a month. Also North-East student leaders are made to work in tandem with the police. There are plans to depute persons from the North-East as beat constables. Besides mobile numbers of DP staff are sent every night and their visiting cards made available to the residents of North-East in Munirka.

DP also conducts meeting between RWAs and student leaders. A beat constable is posted near Anupam restaurant and Baba Ganganath in Munirka round the clock.

During Question/Answer Session

The following questions were put forth:

(1)    What are the modules of training taken up in March 2013? (Niangkhannem)

(2)    Whether there are plans to continue the training? (Niangkhannem)

(3)    What are the reasons for harassment being carried out to PeNED? (Niangkhannem)

(4)    Does DP maintain statistics about crimes against PeNED? (Niangkhannem)

(5)    Whether there are proposals for special recruitment of DP for PeNED ? (Niangkhannem)

(6)    There are 56 incidents of crime against PeNED, DP register about 36 cases, follow up happened in 5 cases. In this connection please state-

(i)                  What are the problems?

(ii)                Whether FIRs are not serious enough? (Kaithang)

SS: I am not aware about the statistics. There are the Special Operation Programmes, the Zero Tolerance Policies, etc. When a PeNED makes a complaint, we have to take action. Each and every police station is bound to register such cases. The police officer is bound to take action and register cases under relevant sections of IPC and CrPC.

How the aggrieved person comes to the police station matters. And the complaint has to be given in writing. In most cases, when charge sheets are about to be filed, amicable settlement happened.

For a strong case to be presented, the police ought to gather up all possibly vital evidences. The preparation of such ground work requires a lot of resources and energy. After presentation of the case the success of the trial calls for a consistent co-operation and moral strength of the complainant.

Question: Are there any set of lawyers to help the complainant ? (Thangzalun Khuptong)

SS: In case of any threat, the complainant can approach the police. Even in the Daula Kuan rape case, the victim came up to depose before the judge, and identified the accused. The case is now in the last stage. All accused are set to be convicted. There are 7 public prosecutors in case of need. The most harmful thing after presentation of cases to the courts is ‘out of court’ settlement. For example there was a Manipuri boy who was robbed of his mobile phone on his way back from office at 3 am.  We apprehended the two accused. But when the complainant refused to identify the accused, the case could not proceed! Similarly in case of harassment by the landlords, articles 448 and 380 of the Indian Penal Court comes in handy.

Question: Isn’t it that the Landlords in Munirka are staying outside thus rendering RWA meetings irrelevant ?(Ninglun Hanghal)

SS: That is not true. Only 10% landlords of Munirka stay outside.

As regards the query about recruitment of people from the North-East in DP, the policy of the Government with regard to recruitment applies uniformly all across the Government organizations.

Question: In a recent case of burglary in R.K. Puram, case was not followed up (Thanglawm)

SS: I may like to say that beat posts are enhanced and we are patrolling the area round the clock. We encourage the residents to use special locks.

The mike was passed on to YPA President to enlighten members about the training module applied in the training conducted in March 17, 2013 at Jharoda Kalan. 

YPA President:  Any crime or harassment carried out against PeNED comes under atrocities against SCs/STs. During the exodus from Bangalore, there was a general fear that the terror would spread in Delhi. As precaution student leaders patrolled the PeNED concentrated pockets, assuring them protection, spreading contact numbers of Robin Hibu, DP ACP and student union leaders. Activists who came forward during that time were given training by DP. In all 37 persons from the North East were trained.

SS: Non- heinous crimes are chargesheeted withing 90 days, heinous crimes, within 60 days and rapes within 15 days of lodging the complaint. An officer of the rank of ACP would inquire into the matter and if he finds it substantial, the case will go ahead

Question: the harassment in college are not perpetrated physically, but they come in the form of verbal abuse, which are intense and incessant (A college going girl)

SS: Ignore them. That’s the best thing you can do about it.

Question: The accused often wear black paints on his face. How can such persons be identified? (Pastor G. Kamzamuan)

SS: There is a good chance that you’ll recognize someone who prompted you to go to the Police Station.

Question: I need a certificate from an institution. As advised I deposited rupees 20,000. But no certificate has come forth ?(Kapa)

Sunil Sanwaria: Check it out from the official concerned. Don’t hesitate.

Thereafter, the representative of Disaster Management Unit (DMU) of EHA took over and thanked YPA for having invited him to the conclave. He was accompanied by his wife, Sunita. As Hospital Administrator in EHA Daniel is close to YPA member Kaithang Thomte, who he adorably called KT Sir.

As far as disaster is concerned, there are two things that’s going around- (i) the fear factor; and (ii) the coming forward factor. It is significant to note here that the second factor has been in the DNA of the YPA since establishment in 1953.

Daniel informed the gathering that based on the two factors, the DMU created the training set up, the procedure, the approaches and the small bits of legal matters.

In order to emphasize the underlying principle of - ‘Life Comes First’, he shared a practical experience that shows the importance of life. In the year 2008, a distress call came from a person crushed in his own car from Jharuda. The police was deliberating over the how, why and position of the accident. Meanwhile the victim died. The need for emergency was implicitly clear. Daniel conveyed the DMU’s readiness to provide medical team to any organization that needs it.    

The Speaker dwelled at length on the ecozone proposal and DMU’s zeal about reducing the impact of disasters taking place on earth. He stressed on the need to raise capability, build awareness, involvement of the masses, planning, co-ordinating mechanisms, etc.

Question/Answer

Question: How can we contribute to disaster management and preparedness ? (Niangkhannem)

Daniel: We conduct training programme from time to time. Anyone can join.

Question: Any reward for exceptional contribution to the society in rescue efforts or in disaster management? (Biaklun Shoute)

Daniel:  There are various awards given by various organizations. We can also make recommendations to CRS/DRF(?).

Question (to the DP representative): While thanking you for reminding us our shortcomings I would like to know how long are we going to need awareness about safety? Is there something the local populace need to learn? (Ngulminthang)

SS: We are conducting regular interaction with the RWAs

Question The landlords are making money even through the electricity bills by over charging us (Thangzasiam)

SS: Thats a civil matter.

Thereafter the conductor thanked the resource persons and members present.

With that note the first session of the conclave came to a conclusion.

 

Batala, the Spiritual Harvest

Don’t you have a saying, ‘It’s still four months until harvest’? I tell you, open your eyes and look at the fields! They are ripe for harvest- John 4:35

Amid the wilderness of Parliament Questions pouring in, I knew it would be too much to undertake a week end trip to Batala, Punjab.  Still I put myself in a standby mode. So on a dreary Friday while I was trying to decipher what members or more precisely their semi-educated aatmis tried to say in less than 150 words, Team A hit the Grand Trunk Rail Road. In 12 hours they would reach their destination. It’s about the same time they might be having Punjabi breakfast the next day that I got a call from the Chairman, Vumsuan. Himself being inducted in Young Man Christian Association (YMCA) the day before, and being a senior officer in the Intelligence Bureau, the Chairman was not able to join team A. Like him two other members had opted to leave Delhi on Saturday which became Team B.

Siam the treasurer of the Missions Committee and an ace photographer was indispensable in the team. Yet he has a family. His wife, who was away on official duty at Dehradun and leaving the two kids in his care, would return on Saturday. So he was in Team B in the company of the Chairman and Lawma.

Lawma had to shoulder certain responsibilities, travel to regional headquarters. On the basis of reports and assessment conducted by himself with some of his sub-ordinates, the Union Public Services Commission (UPSC) the premier manpower recruiting agency confers posts at the deputy level in their hundreds every year. Unless the Field Visiting Team is back in Delhi by evening on Sunday, work on Monday would be hectic. He wouldn't compromise with his responsibility. Under the circumstances Lawma opted out. That left only the Chairman and Siam in the Suzuki Wagon R. And I agreed the offer of joining Team B.

I had early lunch. Kim volunteered to arrange to get me my travel accessories. I headed to office full throttle all the way from Dwarka to Parliament, a distance to 21 kilometers. Since I reached office as late as 1 PM, I was barely able to sort the questions and process a handful of the Priority ones leaving the rest to be attended to on my return from Punjab. I had to drive back home and be ready for departure at 8 PM.

During the year 2012 the Tualsung Baptist Missions Committee had a plan to visit the mission field. Pastor John Singsit, the Missionary who physically bears the Cross there had paid a visit to Delhi that year. A reciprocal visit by the Committee could not materialize due to engagement of the committee members to their respective lines of service. The fund was carried over to the year 2013.

Every time there is interaction between the hand-to-mouth government employees in Delhi with the Batala mission, something happened. Last year John brought back a PA sound system on his return to Batala from Delhi. The first ever study team that visited the mission centre this time, had found out that there is a need of projector for visual aid in preaching the gospel. Setting up a school has potential to create a better atmosphere for believers to shine. The pastor’s family lives through the erratic power supply without an inverter. Some more works I might have undertaken had I been an Ambani. The team returned with ‘financial implications’ in mind.

Fortunately, Reverend L. Khamkholun, the ex-General Secretary of the EBCC Headquarters who is in Delhi for medical treatment found the testimony of the study team impressive. The Committee hoped, almost felt assured of the financial commitment of Dorcas Hass, the heart of EBCC. But God helps those who help themselves. Let’s do it! The Committee reconsidered the draft Missionary Day Program.

One single worship service. And the devotees, who witnessed the video footage and the stills brought back by the team offered INR 17000.00. That would be deposited to the account of EBCC Headquarters.  The market rate of a low budget projector being around INR 35000.00, the difference in the cost is left to be met by Dorcas Hall.  

As regards establishment of school, that is desirable if Delhi could afford it. On the part of the Headquarters, the system is such that, an agenda, even if brought in, would be subjected to voting by delegates from the member Churches who have their respective priorities.